The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn Morality Literacy Analysis

Daniel Fu Mrs. Wheat American Literature | Period 3 March 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Morality Literacy Analysis â€Å"The most permanent lessons in morals are those which come, not of book teaching, but of experience.† This quote from Mark Twain best describes the role of morality in his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in that morality/morals does not come from education/books/society or what people say but from experience/life and their own consciousness. Huckleberry Finn’s journey on the Mississippi River best supports this in that his moral growth was In the beginning of the story, after he got a lot of money in Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Huck felt restricted under Widow Douglas and Miss Watson and their Christian faith as he does not care about Christian rules and morality. This feeling of being confined is shown by Huck when he says he is not interested in the dead because they are â€Å"no good to anybody, being gone† (Twain) and he would go to Hell instead of Heaven because he â€Å"see no advantage in going where she was going† (Twain). His pleasure in knowing that Tom Sawyer is believed to be going to Hell (Twain) since that meant they will be together shows how he does not think about serious issues. He also call the black slave Jim a â€Å"nigger†(Twain) which shows his stereotype toward blacks at the time. Huck’s childhood mortality/mentality is shown to be based on self-interest and self-preservation shown by him avoiding further arguments with the widow aboutShow MoreRelatedLogical Reasoning18 9930 Words   |  760 Pageschapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. Stanley Baronett. Jr., University of Nevada Las Vegas Far too many authors of contemporary texts in informal logic – keeping an eye on the sorts of arguments found in books on formal

The Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin - 882 Words

Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is a story of the feeling of losing someone with a different twist. Mrs. Mallard, a woman who has heart trouble, receives the news that her husband died in a â€Å"railroad disaster†, by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend, a newspaper worker, named Richard (Chopin 307). She begins to let it occur to her that her husband is dead and accept the thought of it. Chopin uses the theme of closure to express the feelings of Mrs. Mallard in coping with the thought of the death of her husband. â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin uses the theme of closure to tell the story because it explains to the readers the feelings that Mrs. Mallard has when she receives the news that her husband is dead; the story starts with the feeling of grief, then closure, and then the over joy that Mrs. Mallard is feeling. Chopin begins the story with breaking the news of a husband’s death to a woman who has heart trouble, which helps the readers understand the delicacy of how the information is given to her. Mrs. Mallard (the newly widow) grieves her husband by â€Å"[weeping] at once . . . in her sister’s arms†, and begins to accept her husband’s death (Chopin 307). Chopin is informing the reader of the impact of knowing that her husband is dead to bring more affect to the story. Mrs. Mallard goes to her room upstairs, alone, and sits in an armchair facing towards the window â€Å"with her head thrown back upon the cushion of the chair, quite motionless, except when aShow MoreRelatedThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1241 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin is a wonderful short story bursting with many peculiar twists and turns. Written in 1894, the author tells a tale of a woman who learns of her husband’s death, but comes to f ind pleasure in it. Many of the elements Kate Chopin writes about in this story symbolize something more than just the surface meaning. Through this short story, told in less than one thousand one hundred words, Kate Chopin illustrates a deeper meaning of Mrs. Mallard’s marriage with herRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin855 Words   |  4 PagesThe Story of an Hour In the â€Å"Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, is about pleasure of freedom and the oppression of marriage. Just like in Kate Chopin’s story, inside most marriages, even the ones that seem to be the happiest, one can be oppressed. Even though, one might seem to be happy deep inside they miss the pleasure of freedom and living life to the fullest. Just like, in this story Mrs. Mallard feels trapped and when she hears about her husband’s death she first feels distraught, but ultimatelyRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotions and Death Everyone who reads a story will interpret things slightly different than the person who reads it before or after him or her. This idea plays out with most every story, book, song, and movie. These interpretations create conflict and allow people to discuss different ideas and opinions. Without this conflict of thought there is no one devoting time to debate the true meaning of a text. Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† tells about a woman who is informed of her husbands deathRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin987 Words   |  4 PagesIn Kate Chopin’s short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† reader’s see a potentially long story put into a few pages filled with rising action, climax and even death. In the beginning of the story, character Louise Mallard, who has a heart condition, is told of the death of her husband by her sister and one of her husband’s friends. Afterwards Mrs. Mallard is filled with emptiness and then joy of freedom. This joy of freedom is actually what consequently leads to her death in the end when she discoversRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin1061 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are introduced to characters whose lives change drastically in the course of this writing. Through Kate Chopin’s story we can identify many different themes and examples of symbolism in her writing. Chopin’s choice of themes in this writing are no surprise due to the time frame of which this story was written. Chopin often wrote stories with of women’s rights, and is noted as one of America’s first open feminists. As this story of an ill, helplessRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin972 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin expresses Ms. Mallard’s feelings towards her husband’s death in an appalling train accident. Due to her bad heart, her sister Josep hine had to be the bearer of bad news and approach his death gently to her. According to the quote, â€Å" But now there was a dull stare in her eyes, whose gaze was fixed away off yonder on one of those patches of blue sky. It was not a glance of reflection, but rather indicated a suspension of intelligent thought†, it lets us know thatRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin998 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The story of an hour† by Kate Chopin was a story that was ironical yet profoundly deep. As a student I have been asked to read â€Å"a story of an hour† many times, and every time I’m surprised by how I enjoy it. People can read thousands of stories in their life times and only a handful will every stand out to them, stories that can draw out an emotion or spark a thought are the ones that will standout more. For me and â€Å"a story of an hour† the thought of freedom is what draws me the most as a teenageRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kat e Chopin1542 Words   |  7 PagesIn the short story, â€Å"Story of an Hour†, Kate Chopin writes about a woman with heart trouble, Mrs. Mallard, who, in finding out about the death of her husband, Mr. Mallard, experiences some initial feelings of sadness which quickly transition into the exhilarating discovery of the idea of a newfound freedom lying in front of her. When it is later revealed that her husband is not actually dead, she realizes she will not get to taste that freedom. The devastation kills her. What Mrs. Mallard goes throughRead MoreThe Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin596 Words   |  2 PagesIn â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Kate Chopin focuses on the idea of freedom throughout the story. Mrs. Mallard is a lonely wife who suffers from heart trouble. She is told by her sister Josephine and her husband’s friend Richards that her husband has passed away in a train accident. She locks herself in a room expecting to be devastated, but instead feels freedom. Later, she exits her room and her husband walks through the door, causing her to die of a heart attack. Chopin uses this story to demonstrateRead MoreThe Story Of An Hour By Kate Chopin886 Words   |  4 Pages In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, the reader is presented with the theme of prohibited independence. In Kate Chopin â€Å"The Storm†, the scenery in this story builds the perfect atmosphere for an adulterous affair. The importance of these stories is to understand the era they occurred. Kate Chopin wrote stories with exceptional openness about sexual desires. In â€Å"The Storm†, a short story written by Kate Chopin in a time when women were expected to act a certain way and sexual cravings was considered

Regulation and Effective Corporate Governance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Regulation and Effective Corporate Governance. Answer: Introduction Corporate governance refers to a stipulated set of guidelines and laid down procedures through which a corporation is governed through. It includes rules and regulations which dictate how decisions are achieved at in a corporation (ASX Corporate Governance Council, 2014). Corporate governance is anchored on striking a balance among the various components of a corporation, such as the shareholders, regulators, directors and other stakeholders, as well as outlining the rights of each stakeholder according to Al-Tawil (2016). Nevertheless, some of the stakeholders more so the board of directors have been violating these laws, hence, leading to the downfall of several corporations all over the globe. The board of directors is mandated to oversee the operations of a company to safeguard the interests of the shareholders (Martin, 2015). As a result, the Board is expected to hold regular meetings to review the performance of the organizations and chat the way forward. Some of the notable companies that have fallen as a result of violations of the company rules by their board of directors for instance, the CEOs include Enron and DuPont. Sonnenfeld points out that most of the board of directors play a key role in the failure of a company by failing to act whenever they note something unusual has happened or making a hasty decision to fire a performing CEO without having enough evidence that he/she may have engaged unethical conduct (Sonnenfeld, 2015). In some cases, the Security Exchange Commission (SEC) has been forced to move in to try and save the shareholders from suffering immense losses. For example, in 2001, SEC decided to investigate the accounting practices at Enron after getting a lot of complaints from the shareholders (Forbes, 2013). Ultimately, various key stakeholders (the CEO and the Chief Financial Officer) were prosecuted for flaunting the accounting rules. The Issue in Context The main factor that enables a firm to succeed is appropriate leadership, which is provided by its executives. As leaders, the directors are supposed to provide a vision for the firm to the employees and also motivate them (the employees) in order to ensure that the desired objectives are met within the set timeline. There are a number of leadership factors that may lead to the failure of a firm one of them being poor management skills by the leaders. In some cases, the directors have failed to enact adequate policies that guide the process of hiring new employees, which may lead to a case whereby unqualified staffs are enrolled. At other times, the boards have turned down the employees demands for better remunerations and promotion schemes, hence, making the experienced employees (who are very resourceful) to seek for greener pastures elsewhere. There have also been cases whereby the boards of directors have failed to encourage innovation, which is an important factor that enables a firm to counter competition from its rivals. Such organizations (which do not support innovations) may end up exiting from the market due to lack of skills to attract new clients, counter the ever increasing competition, and even failure to retain their existing customers, which leads to a decline in their market base. However, during the 2008 financial crisis, it has also been noted that the lack of accountability from the board of directors is a key reason that has led to the collapse of various organizations. In some scenarios, it has been found that the directors have failed to provide the necessary oversight while in others, they have been engaging in unethical conducts, hence, violating the firms policies. As noted earlier, several organizations have failed to perform as expected as a result of a failure by their board of directors. Kirkpatrick notes that weaknesses in the composition of the boards as well as their incompetence may have played a significant role in the failure of the firms (Kirkpatrick, 2009). According to Kirkpatrick, the negligence of duties by the board of directors was a key factor that led to the financial crisis in 2008. He notes that most boards did not perform one of their critical functions reviewing and offering guidance on risk-taking which made some companies (more so financial institutions) encourage and reward higher levels of risk-taking. In some other case, it has been noted that the board of directors work in cahoots with corrupt officials, which eventually leads to great losses within the organization (Sonnenfeld, 2002). Sonnenfeld notes that most of the directors possessed the required qualifications to sit at the firms executive meetings, which af firms that their lack of accountability is the key factor that has led to the downfall of their respective institutions. Keay and Loughrey point out that accountability is one of the factors that make up good governance in any organization. According to them, the Committee on the Financial Aspects of Good Governance revealed that its Code of Best Practice principles are anchored on accountability and integrity (Keay Loughrey, 2015). The scholars claim that accountability of the board of directors leads to value creation in the body, hence, it is an integral factor that may enable a firm to minimize its costs to reap maximum benefits (profits). As a result, the Keay and his colleague emphasize that accountability and the transparency of the board of directors are the most crucial factors that enhance corporate governance. They also cite that the Financial Reporting Council had redefined corporate governance and had noted that it is a means of coming up with a system of control between an organizations management and its board and a means of enhancing accountability from the board of directors as well ( Keay Loughrey, 2015). Keay also claims that the accountability of the board of directors is a major issue in corporate governance that has attracted the attention of not only the government but also that of international bodies (Keay, 2015). He cites that a lot of powers are bestowed on the boards and, thus, it is reasonable if they were asked to account for their actions. According to Aguilera, the boards of directors have been found to be at the center of corporate misdeeds, which have led to the downfall of a lot of companies (Aguilera, 2005). Keay is also of the opinion that most of the Corporate Governance Codes are based on the principle of apply or explain (an organizations board has to follow the dictations of the codes or give a reason on why it does not follow the codes stipulations), which makes it optional for the firms to embrace it or not, hence, giving the boards an opportunity to engage in unethical conduct and ultimately fail to account for their deeds (Keay, 2012) . Bonime-Blanc and Brevard also suggest that it is the responsibility of the board to make sure that the stakeholders have confidence in their company and, thus, they need to promote an ethical culture within the firm (Bonime-Blanc Brevard, 2013). Therefore, the directors must realize that their oversight duties have an ethical element, which they must comply with at all times. To ascertain that every board member upholds the desired values, it should be made mandatory for any new member to have a commendable ethics and compliance history. Additionally, whenever it is noted that a specific director has some interests in a given issue that may result in a conflict, he/she should be stripped of his/her duties so as to save the company from incurring any losses that any arise due to such conflicts. Obert, Suppiah, Desderio, and Brighton claim that the success of an organization is hinged on the efficiency of its board of directors (Obertet, al, 2015). According to these scholars, poor co rporate governance more so, the directors failure to play their roles has been the major cause of the failure of most organizations from all over the world key among them being Tyco, Enron, Global Crossing, and WorldCom (Obert et al., 2015). Obert and his colleagues are of the opinion that most directors have not been exercising their oversight roles as required, hence, making the investors suffer immense losses. They, thus, note that lack of appropriate corporate governance is due to the negligence of the board of directors to safeguard the interests of the stakeholders as required. In 199, the Turnbull Committee into the Combined Code of the Committee on Corporate Governance pointed out that a board of directors must always make sure that there exist appropriate mechanisms that enhance a sound system of the internal controls to protect the company assets and the shareholders investments (ACCA, 2017). Dans is of the opinion that the directors of quite a number of companies have a lso failed in ensuring that the firms produce environmentally friendly products. He gives the example of the Volkswagen firm, which had produced cars that were poisoning the environment (Dans, 2015). Investigations revealed that the manufacturing of such cars was due to the CEOs failure to ascertain that the engineering standards were complied with. According to Aguilar, a lot of corporations have incurred a lot of losses through the executive compensation schemes. He notes that such schemes are usually not aligned with the performance of the executives, which has impacted negatively on the sustainability potential of the firms (Aguilar, 2014). In addition, he cites that most of the directors have been enjoying the pay-for-performance booms benefits without demonstrating the increased performance, hence, defrauding the companies. Aguilar is of the opinion that the dictations of the Dodd-Frank Act, which gives the investors the right to approve the compensation benefits of the directors should be implemented (Aguilar, 2014). The Act, hence, gives the shareholders the powers to have a say-on-pay policy adopted by their organizations to ascertain that they do not lose a lot of funds as a result of lack of accountability from the firms executives. Analysis of the Issue from Multiple Perspectives The adherence to the organizations ethics and risks policies plays a critical role in the elimination of the factors that may adversely affect its level of economic operations. Solomon points out the organizations boards should always embrace the Aristotelian ideas on virtue wherever they discharge their duties. To start with, the board of directors must realize that in every situation, the interests of the community members (shareholders) come before their self-interests (Okoye Siwale, 2017). Therefore, they are supposed to pursue every matter with an objective of benefiting the shareholders so that they the shareholders can realize the value of the money they have invested in the respective businesses. Secondly, Solomon is of the opinion that the directors must have wisdom, which would hinder them from doing anything wrong that would adversely affect the firm (Soppe, 2012). Wisdom also enables them to uphold integrity and make rational judgments whenever a need arises. By making sure that everything runs as outlined in the companys policies, the board of directors promotes integrity within the firm. Nevertheless, they failure to provide oversights as expected or even act whenever they suspects that something fishy in the firm happening depicts their lack of honesty as the shareholders guardians The stakeholders believe that corporate governance should be exercised in a manner that promotes their interests at all times. According to them, effective corporate governance would lead to long-term prosperity of the firm (Rahman Bremer, 2016). As a result, they point out that corporate governance incorporates a number of key issues one of them being transparency, which implies that the directors must always make a full disclosure of the non-financial and the financial information regarding the firm. In addition, the directors are required to uphold accountability, whereby they are supposed to appoint an independent body that would investigate some of the critical issues that would befall a company and even make sure that those found guilty of any wrongdoing are subjected to the outlined disciplinary measures (Kim Kim, 2016). Kim and Kim also notes that the board of directors should exercise fairness at all times, which makes the stakeholders more so the investors to have faith in them (directors). Finally, the directors must be willing to take responsibility whenever it is proved that they have been involved in unscrupulous dealings that may have a negative impact on the firm. According to ACCA, the directors can ensure that there is transparency and accountability in their respective institutions by strengthening the rules that govern some procedures such as the auditing of the organizations financial accounts (ACCA, 2017). By doing so, the directors are in a position to ascertain that all the procedures involved are transparent and, thus, denote that their commitment to remaining accountable at all times. Socially Responsible Perspective The board of directors is in charge of all of all the affairs that take place in an organization and, thus, they must be persons of a high degree of integrity and sound judgment to be in a position to deliver as anticipated. Over the recent years, firms have become increasingly committed to corporate social responsibilities with an objective of not only meeting the interests of the shareholders but also promoting the welfare of the community members (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). The shareholders are increasingly demanding for the exercise of transparency in the institutions affairs and also the incorporation of the social programs in the firms policies. Therefore, corporate governance has been extended from being just a matter of the control of the inner affairs of a company to include the implementation of the social projects it launches. Rodriguez-Fernandez notes that the success of the social programs rolled out by various organizations is dependent on the conduct of their respecti ve boards of directors. He, thus, notes that the directors must always be accountable for all the finances set aside to cater for such programs as a means of ensuring that no losses are incurred under the pretext of bettering the welfare of the society members. The directors are also mandated to harmonize the company interests with those of the interest groups, key among them being the members of the community (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). In addition, Bowen claims that a firms economic and social responsibilities are inseparable and, thus, due diligence must be exercised while discharging such duties (Rodriguez-Fernandez, 2015). The directors must, thus, ensure that the proposed social programs are implemented through the outlined policies and standards to guarantee that the projects will not result in any environmental threat that would adversely affect the society. Besides, they must provide training programs for the ones involved in the implementation of the policies while exercising their oversight responsibility to confirm that all the resources have been utilized as anticipated (Altschuller, 2011). It has been found that most companies have suffered immense losses during the implementation of the social projects, which have been blamed on the lack of accountability and oversight from the boards of directors. Even though most of the directors believe that their input is crucial in the successful formulation and implementation of social programs, most of them have been found to be reluctant in providing oversight to affirm that everything runs as stipulated. Sustainability Perspective As noted before, the directors are obligated to make reasonable decisions that boost the welfare of the firms, hence, enhancing their (the institutions) sustainability. As a result, the shareholders have increasingly shown their concerns in being involved in the companies affairs to gauge the level of effectiveness of the boards of directors (Wilcox, 2014). Trade unions and the investors have also been pressuring the directors to guarantee transparency in their corporations affairs as a means of guaranteeing their integrity. Although most of the directors have been reluctant in meeting the demands from such interest groups, they have been forced to concede defeat more so on issues related to accountability and governance (Wilcox, 2014). Due to the adverse effects of the financial crisis, most investors opted to shift their analysis of a companys performance from not only being a matter of evaluating the financial statements but also the nature of their corporate governance more so, the accountability of the directors. The investors have, thus, made it mandatory for the directors to be answerable on any matter that pertains the nature of governance, the environmental and the social involvement of the organization as well. Aguilar points out that, by demanding accountability from the directors, the investors have been trying to depict that there should exist a separation of control and ownership of the corporations (Aguilar, 2014). By doing so, the shareholders are interested counter-checking the actions of the directors and the possible effects of their decisions to evade the probability of suffering numerous losses as a result of directors failures. Conclusions The illustration above demonstrates that there is a need for the boards of directors to be accountable for every occurrence in the firm. Since they are mandated to ascertain that all the laws and policies governing the operations of a company are followed, they should also be held accountable in case it is found that they did not discharge their duties as dictated. For quite a long time, the directors were not questioned for their actions, which have led to the collapse of many organizations as it was witnessed after the occurrence of the financial crisis in 2008. However, evidence suggests that asking them to be transparent in their dealings and to account for every action has the potential to enhance not only service delivery within the firms but also the capability to boost the organizations profit levels. The discussion above reveals that some directors have been engaging in unethical conduct such as working in cahoots with corrupt employees hence, the reason why they have been unwilling to depict their transparency. From a stakeholders perceptive, it is believed that asking the directors to be accountable would make them (the directors) discharge their duties appropriately and even raise the alarm whenever the suspect that something fishy is happening in a given department. It has also become evident that most organizations have lost a lot of funds while implementing social projects due to the negligence of the directors. Therefore, it would be rational for the stakeholders to demand accountability from the directors as a means of ascertaining that the resources set aside for such projects would be used in a prudent manner. Finally, the analysis on the sustainability perspective has revealed that some companies have been losing finances through some financial benefits offered to the executives such as the pay for performance booms. On the other hand, some executives have been defrauding the corporations by awarding themselves some compensation that has not been approved by the investors. Recommendations to Improve Corporate Governance Basing my argument on the above analysis, I propose that the following recommendations be put in place to enhance corporate governance; Corporations should formulate adequate policies that dictate that all the directors should exercise transparency and accountability while discharging their duties failure to which, their contracts with the firms should be terminated. The directors who are found guilty of engaging in unethical conducts should be subjected to the disciplinary measures as outlined by the laws or by the company policies. The investors should always hold regular meetings to counter check the decisions made by the directors. In case they find that some decisions might adversely affect the companies, they should ask the directors to do away with them (the decisions) or even ask them (the directors) to guarantee that such actions would not threaten the welfare of the organization. The dictates of the Dodd-Frank Act should be implemented to make sure that no executive member is awarded any compensation benefits without the consideration of the views of the investors. Any financial benefits, such as the pay for performance booms should only be awarded after a director has successively illustrated the increased performance that is to be catered for. The directors should also formulate strong and effective means of enhancing control and transparency more so while formulating the financial statements of the firms. References ACCA.(2017). Corporate governance from the inside out.ACCA.Retrieved from https://www.accaglobal.com/uk/en/student/exam-support-resources/professional-exams-study-resources/p1/technical-articles/corpgov-insideout.html Aguilar, L.A. (2014). Looking at corporate governance from the investors perspective.U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.Retrieved from https://www.sec.gov/news/speech/2014-spch042114laa.html Al-Tawil, T. N. (2016). The major issues that need to be addressed by effective corporate governance in the 21st century. Journal Of Financial Crime, 23(2), 349-378. doi:10.1108/JFC-01-2015-0003. Altschuller, S. (2011).Corporate social responsibility and the role of the board of directors.Business Insider.Retrieved from https://www.businessinsider.com/corporate-social-responsibility-and-the-role-of-the-board-of-directors-2011-6?IR=T ASX Corporate Governance Council (2014). Corporate governance principles and recommendations.Retrieved from https://www.asx.com.au/documents/asx-compliance/cgc-principles-and-recommendations-3rd-edn.pdf Bonime-Blanc, A. Brevard, J.E. (2013). Ethics and the board: Integrating integrity into business strategy. The Conference Board Inc. Retrieved from https://gecrisk.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ABonimeBlanc-JEBrevard-Ethics-and-the-Board-TCB-2009.pdf Dans, E. (2015). Volkswagen and the failure of corporate social responsibility.Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/enriquedans/2015/09/27/volkswagen-and-the-failure-of-corporate-social-responsibility/#5ff602444405 Forbes. (2013). 5 most publicized ethics violations by CEOs. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/investopedia/2013/02/05/5-most-publicized-ethics-violations-by-ceos/#45eaa5d14bbc Keay, A. (2015).Board accountability in corporate governance.Taylor Francis eBooks. Keay, A., Loughrey, J. (2015).The framework for board accountability in corporate governance.Legal Studies, 35(2). 252-279.Retrieved from https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/83962/3/Accountability_and_CG_LS_sub_revkeay%5B1%5D.pdf Keay, A.R. (2012).Accountability and the corporate governance framework: From Cadbury to the UK Corporate Governance Code.University of Leeds - School of Law. Kim, S., Kim, J. (2016). Bridge or buffer: two ideas of effective corporate governance and public engagement. Journal Of Public Affairs (14723891), 16(2), 118-127. doi:10.1002/pa.1555 Martin L. (2015). Corporate governance guidelines.Lockheed Martin Corporation. Retrieved from https://www.lockheedmartin.com/content/dam/lockheed/data/corporate/documents/Corporate-Governance-Guidelines.pdf Obert, S., Suppiah, S.D.K., Desderio, C., Brighton, B.T. (2015).Exploring board diversity from a stakeholder perspective.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 3(2). Okoye, N., Siwale, J. (2017). Microfinance regulation and effective corporate governance in Nigeria and Zambia. International Journal Of Law Management, 59(1), 102-121. doi:10.1108/IJLMA-06-2016-0054 Rahman, K. M., Bremer, M. (2016). Effective Corporate Governance And Financial Reporting In Japan. Asian Academy Of Management Journal Of Accounting Finance, 1293-123. doi:10.21315/aamjaf2016.12.S1.5. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. (2015). Social responsibility and financial performance: The role of good corporate governance. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 19(2), 137-151. Sonnenfeld, J. (2015). Another suicidal board? How DuPonts directors failed Ellen Kullman. Fortune.Retrieved from https://fortune.com/2015/10/13/dupont-board-ellen-kullman/ Sonnenfeld, J.A. (2012). What makes great boards great.Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2002/09/what-makes-great-boards-great Soppe, A. (2012). Microfinance regulation and effective corporate governance in Nigeria and Zambia. International Journal Of Law Management, 59(1), 102-121. doi:10.1108/IJLMA-06-2016-0054. Wilcox, J. (2014). Directors should communicate with shareholders. Harvard Law School Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation.Retrieved from https://corpgov.law.harvard.edu/2014/10/16/directors-should-communicate-with-shareholders/

To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus Finch Essay Example For Students

To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus Finch Essay Atticus Finch was a man who fought for what he believed in. He was always the one who stood up for what was right, not what the more popular thing to do was. Atticus has a lot of courage to do what he did for Tom Robinson. Atticus looked past the racism that was in the courtroom where Tom was being accused of raping a woman and he stood up for him. Atticus believed in equality amongst people and he thought that the court was not being equal. Atticus taught his daughter Scout and his son Jem to be a good person and to treat everyone equally. He believed that success was not just winning, but instead just trying to fight for a good cause. Even if you failed, Atticus believes you were successful. We will write a custom essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Atticus Finch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Courage was something Atticus definitely had. He was the only white man in town that would stand up for Tom Robinson because he knew it was wrong to accuse him. Atticus once said that you should still fight even when you know your beaten. He didnt just go with the popular opinion that blacks were bad, instead, he gathered up his courage and fought against the court. He knew that he was testifying against an all white jury and that he had no chance to convince them that Tom was guilty, but he knew that it was right to at least try. He believed that every little thing you do that is right will eventually add up and help the cause. Atticus was a man who did not believe in racism. He had grown his kids up telling them that racism was not right. He taught them that everyone was equal. Scout and Jem were still influenced by racism in the public though. Atticus noted how in the court there was no way for a black man to win against a white man when its the white man who gets to have the decision of what happens. He knew that in the court room, racism was everywhere. Black men had no chance of wining and it was always the white man who would win. No matter how good of a case Atticus gave the jury, it was still racism that came out on top. If Atticus Finch ever treated anybody unequally than there was a good reason. He was always for equality. He believed that all men were created equal and blacks shouldnt be treated badly for nothing. Equality was something that Atticus thought should be with everyone no matter where. The Jury and the Judge both treated Tom Robinson unequally and Atticus was frustrated over that. Family was always something that Atticus took pride in. He loved his family with all his heart and he would do anything for them. Atticus had 2 children, Jem and Scout. Jem was the older of the 2 and was a boy. Scout was younger and was a girl. Atticus believed that he was a failure as a father sometimes. He tried very hard to be a good one but always seemed to think he could have been a better one. Atticus would put family first before anything else. Not many people think that if you lose a battle then you were not successful. Atticus did not think this, he believed that being successful was only to try to do something for a good cause. He once said that as long as you try you will always be appreciated and will always be successful in his point of view. Even if you lose what you were fighting for, you are still successful because you tried for what you thought was right. Atticus did not win the case with tom Robinson but he still believed that he was successful. Atticus was successful because he did what he thought was right, and doing that had to help something out in a good way. .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .postImageUrl , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:hover , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:visited , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:active { border:0!important; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:active , .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0 .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue08dd9c8de1dd0e1355c5a161e5c69c0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Heroism in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and Beo EssayAtticus Finch is a successful man. He is a courageous man who does not believe in racism. Equality is what he believed in and taught his family that equality is stronger than racism. Atticus fought in a court case for a black man. In this time blacks were strongly impacted from racism. Atticus is a strong man for doing such a thing. He knew that he had no chance in this case yet he tried to win the case anyhow. Atticus finch was a man who fought for what he believed in.

The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal Children And Young People Essay Essays

The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal Children And Young People Essay Essays The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal Children And Young People Essay Essay The Status Of Childrens Rights In Nepal Children And Young People Essay Essay The intent of this study is to measure the issues environing the childrens human rights in Nepal by knocking their position in concurrence with the applicable International Treaties. Simultaneously its purpose is to exemplify the current state of affairs, by supplying information from findings sing the misdemeanors on the rights of the kids. Particularly it focuses on wellness position, sexual development, forced labor and instruction and it reflects those misdemeanors, by supplying statistical informations and paradigms during and after the armed struggle. It would besides give accent, on whether Nepal has complied with the International Conventions every bit good as whether any NGO.s gave any attending towards the crisis sustained in Nepal. Finally the study would do a general rating by supplying recommendations in regard of Nepal s executions and promises for the betterment of kids s human rights, including the demand of their protection and their hereafter concern. II.Introduction Nepal in world is one of the poorest and undeveloped states in the universe, which tries to be reborn from its ain ashes, after witnessing and sing a 10 twelvemonth internal violent armed struggle, due to the Maoist insurgence which ceased in 2006. However the last old ages have been made important alterations and developments. In 2008, Nepal went from political instability to a Federal Democratic Republic as the UCPN-M[ 1 ]had agreed with the Nepali authorities to come to an terminal with that struggle. Thus was guaranteed a peaceable authorities harmonizing to the CPA,[ 2 ]set uping equality and safeguarding cardinal human rights and freedoms. Despite the fact that, there is a gradual recovery and advancement, serious human rights misdemeanors continue to happen, as Nepal still faces the aftershocks of the crisis. Arguably the armed struggle has stigmatised the most vulnerable group and has deprived from them their basic rights. Childs have been victimised and faced banishment of their houses, forced to be soldiers and randomly detained by the authorities, subjected to maltreatment and even anguish. Others were used for development and being subjected to sexual maltreatment striping their right to be educated and besides their wellness position has been deteriorated. Immediate aid from human rights guardians and INGO s[ 3 ]was quickly given globally, but still it is an imperative demand as kids demand their protection. Most of them still live under insecurity and instability confronting hazards of farther misdemeanors of their rights. Frankincense is due consideration to foreground the current state of affairs. III.Children s Health Status and Human Exploitation in Armed Conflict It is claimed that kids are bulk in statistics but minority on societal position in existent universe .[ 4 ]This statement reveals the current state of affairs refering kids s rights position in Nepal. Recent studies indicate that there have been dangerous misdemeanors of kids s rights as 100s have been killed by armed groups due to the political state of affairs and others continue to be at hazard even if the state is in a post-conflict phase. Furthermore 1000s were earnestly injured and others have died because of diseases peculiarly from HIV/AIDS.[ 5 ]Their wellness position has been degrading[ 6 ]both physically and mentally as the armed struggle deprived from them their basic rights such as the right to household, nutrient and shelter. The unfriendly environment had exposed orphaned kids to conditions which had neer experienced before. Furthermore 100s have been displaced from their households and have been subjected to misdemeanor, harlotry and nonvoluntary servitude without their consent going vulnerable to high hazards of infective diseases. During and after the ceasefire, kids development had worsened their wellness as the bulk of the exploited kids have been unlawfully treated and exposed in awful conditions, confronting subjugation and coercion. Simultaneously the unequal wellness system, resources and the insufficient work force has worsened their wellness position. Even if Nepal has attained to streamline kid s wellness the last decennaries by cut downing mortality under 5 from 118 % in 1996 to 61 % in 2006, nevertheless disparities exist by different societal groups sing handiness in the wellness system. The phenomenon of kid trafficking is Nepal s one of its major jobs. Yet, no formal studies have been prepared by the Nepali authorities but the Committee concerned that there is deficiency of existent statistics of kids victims on development and trafficking.[ 7 ]However a research conducted by CWIN[ 8 ]in association with Save the Children revealed that 73,8 % of 110 male childs populating on the street, had had non-consensual sexual intercourse.[ 9 ]Another tragic survey conducted by ILO[ 10 ]estimated that about 5000 kids, chiefly misss are working as commercial sex workers.[ 11 ] However Nepal had successfully ratified and had abided by the footings of OPSC.[ 12 ]Besides the Interim Constitution of Nepal guarantees the protection of kids against any signifier of maltreatment and development every bit good as many Acts of the Apostless such as the Children s Act[ 13 ]and Human Trafficking and Transportation Control Act[ 14 ]is opposed to CSEC.[ 15 ]However the survey of the CRC[ 16 ]Sub-Committee of the HRTMCC[ 17 ]reveals that the Nepali commissariats do non explicitly address the issues that autumn under OPSC[ 18 ]and neglect to harmonize with the CRC. Consequently that means the statute law does non safeguard the rights of the kids from CSEC. Harmonizing to the same survey it was observed that even if establishments, Centres and enterprises are combat against CSEC there is a deficiency of coordination between them[ 19 ]as there is an overlap due to authorities establishments. At the same clip different undertakings cease to go on their work as there is no equal fiscal support and besides there is no specific programme to work against CSEC for the best involvements of the kid. Notably kids who have participated in audience meetings did non cognize about the authorities programmes sing OPSC airing. Since most of the kids are illiterate they can non understand the commissariats conducted by the Nepali authorities battling CSEC ; so without holding the proper cognition and support it would be an Utopia for them to contend for their rights against CSEC which could be characterised as a modern type of bondage. IV.Forced Labour-DCL Myriad surveies, indicate that the mission of the authorities is to enrich the position of the kid in Nepal and do efforts in order to explicate schemes so as to extinguish the worst signifiers of DCL.[ 20 ] Nepal has one of the worst backgrounds sing the signifiers of forced labor particularly in the DCL. Frans Roselaers claimed that unacceptable signifiers of development of kids at work exist and persist but they are hard to research due to their hidden, sometimes illegal or even condemnable nature. [ 21 ]The phenomenon of child labor in Nepal takes tonss of dimensions the last decennaries as kids are economically active from their immature age. In conformity to NFLS[ 22 ]the engagement rate for kids is estimated at approximately 40.4 % .[ 23 ] The current political state of affairs, poorness and the harmful traditional patterns use kids to be exposed in the worst risky conditions and forced them to drop out from school striping from them their instruction. The fundamental law of Nepal prohibits child labor and the Nepali authorities after the confirmation of CRC indicated the committedness of guaranting that kids do non hold to work. Therefore Nepal was obligated to ordain several domestic Torahs. Within this context enacted the Children s Act[ 24 ]and besides Child Labour Act[ 25 ]purely forbiding and eliminating child labor. Furthermore in 1997 ratified C138[ 26 ]with object the abolishment of child labors and became a member of the SAARC.[ 27 ]Besides, the IPEC[ 28 ]operates in Nepal with purpose to make policies against child labor. An issue which is yet due consideration is whether kids rights have so made advancement after the confirmation of the Conventions in concurrence with the new democratic system of Nepal by ordaining esteeming statute law, policies that present a development on their human rights position. It must be emphasised that there is a important decrease of bonded labor to 40.4 % compared to 47.0 % of the entire kid population which was detected in NLFS 1998. Although the Committee in its one observation concerned that despite the attempts of the province party to get rid of the worst signifiers of kid labor, the prevalence of child labor remains high peculiarly in risky conditions of work .[ 29 ] In 2009, the CEACR[ 30 ]despite Nepal s confirmation of C182[ 31 ]and Optional Protocol to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict[ 32 ]requested the authorities to take steps in order to amend its domestic statute law and forbid the forced enlisting of kids less than 18 old ages for usage in armed struggle. The Committee besides observed that the authorities has non made respective Torahs which are consistent with the commissariats of the Convention in order to forbid a individual below 18 old ages to be exposed in risky work. V.Education Education is kids s premier concern and besides it could be considered the footing of making a safe hereafter for a state. Children are the chief participants of a state and particularly Nepal which is a state where instruction must be promoted among other developments made by the province. Nepal has ratified the ICESCR[ 33 ]where Articles 13 and 14 highlight the issue of free compulsory instruction. Although Nepal consented to the footings in order to supply free instruction between the ages of 6 and 11 ; the commissariats sing the Covenant are non followed. Besides in one of its latest studies the UN[ 34 ]Committee observed that Nepal has yet to follow a policy of mandatory instruction and farther remarks that there is a spread refering the attending between misss and male childs every bit good as there is great disparity between castes cultural and autochthonal groups. The emancipation of kids from a immature age had used them to work hard as their households do non put in their educational demands because of pecuniary adversities. Statisticss from a recent study conducted by the ILO showing the earnestness of the state of affairs ; 9 % of the entire kid population, have neer attended school and 59 % have non even completed their primary instruction.[ 35 ]Unusually the gender spread remains a job as largely misss are discriminated from instruction due to the patriarchal traditions who want misss to be married from their immature age. VI.Human Rights Defenders NGO s such as UNICEF[ 36 ]play a cardinal function as their mission is to safeguard the rights of the kids in Nepal. UNICEF had provided mechanisms for the demands of the kids back uping them in assorted ways: providing rehabilitation and wage programmes every bit good as reintegration programmes. A NGO named Salvage the Children focuses chiefly in the development of instruction and wellness of the kids by seeking to modulate and cut down youth mortality. set uping strategic partnerships with the authorities. VII.Conclusion Therefore the hapless economic position, poorness and besides the bad cultural patterns in Nepal, illustrate kids s human rights in their worst signifier. Even if the province has made measure frontward by signing international conventions there is deficiency of enforcement of the jurisprudence and policies which in world constitutes the chief spread for any solutions. However, Nepal could non be the lone combatant of safeguarding the kid rights through its legislative model, but the cardinal prevarications on the general system of human resources and society which must be sensitive on issues environing kids s rights. IX.Recommendations Effective schemes must be conducted by the PPCC[ 37 ]which would implement policies for work outing the issues of DCL. Even if instruction has been hindered by poorness, it could be the response to decrease child labour and enrich the position of the kid. The Nepali authorities must instantly sign the 3rd Optional Protocol,[ 38 ]as pursuant to it, abused kids that became victims of harlotry and trafficking could hold the chance to raise their voice and bring ailments for misdemeanors of their rights. The province must give attending to the UN observations refering favoritism in instruction in which it must extinguish gender disparity in primary and secondary instruction. Trade brotherhoods should go on to promote these challenges in the procedure of educational restructure and set force per unit area to the authorities of altering its policies in all degrees of instruction matching to the commissariats contained in ICESCR. Streamline 2000 words. X.Bibliography-References Rehman, J. , ( 2010 ) . International Human Rights Law ( 2nd edition ) . Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Naftali B. , 2011. International Human-centered Law and International Human Rights Law ( 1st edition ) . Oxford: University Press. Gajurel, D.P. , 2007. Child Rights in Nepal , [ on-line ] .Unpublished Menuscript, Kathmandu: Nepal Law Campus, Faculty of Law, Tribhuvan University. Available at hypertext transfer protocol: //papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm? abstract id= 1106619. [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . Aruna, J. , 2008. Impact of Armed Conflict on Children in Nepal: Situation Analysis of their wellness position. [ on-line ] . Kathmandu School of Law Child Rights Search and Resource Centre, Nepal. Available at: www.ksl.edu.np/crc_students-article.asp. [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee ( HRTMCC ) , Secretariat: Child Nepal ( CN ) . , 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of kids, kid harlotry and kid erotica ( 2000 ) . [ on-line ] . CN Promoting Child Rights through Education. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php? url=crc. [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee ( HRTMCC ) , Secretariat: Child Nepal ( CN ) . , 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of kids, kid harlotry and kid erotica ( 2000 ) . [ on-line ] . CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 21. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php? url=crc. [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . Child Rights NGO Report Prepared by: CRC Sub-committee, Human Rights Treaty, Monitoring Coordination Committee ( HRTMCC ) , Secretariat: Child Nepal ( CN ) . , 2011. Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the sale of kids, kid harlotry and kid erotica ( 2000 ) . [ on-line ] . CN Promoting Child Rights through Education, 2011, 13. Available at: www.childrennepal.org/showmodule.php? url=crc. [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . International Labour Organization ( ILO ) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal, . 2008. NEPAL CHILD LABOUR REPORT based on informations drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. [ on-line ] . ILO 2008, xi. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ilo.org/kathmandu/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/lang en/index.htm [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . International Labour Organization ( ILO ) Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal, . 2008. NEPAL CHILD LABOUR REPORT based on informations drawn from the Nepal Force Labour Survey. [ on-line ] . ILO 2008, xii. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ilo.org/kathmandu/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_182988/lang en/index.htm [ Accessed 27th November 2012 ] . UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2008. Nepal: Persistent misdemeanors of kids s rights. [ on-line ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.crin.org/resources/infodetail.asp? ID=29608. [ Accessed day of the month 27th November ] . Karen C.T. , 2000. Trafficing in kids in Asia ; a regional overview. [ on-line ] . ILO. Available at: www.ilo.orf/asia/whatwedo/publications/WCMS_BK _PB _7 _EN/lang en/index.htm. [ Accessed twenty-seventh November ] . Gonzalez, Z. , 2002. International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour El Salvador, The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children and Adolescents: A Rapid Assessment [ online ] . Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ilo.org/public/spanish/standards/ipec/simpoc/elsalvador/ra/sexexp.pdf. [ Accessed 26th November 2012 ] .

GSW, Georgia Southwestern State University Admissions

GSW, Georgia Southwestern State University Admissions Georgia Southwestern State University Admissions Overview: Applications to GSW include standardized test scores from the SAT or ACT, high school transcripts, and an application form that can be filled out online or on paper. The school has an acceptance rate of 68%, making it largely accessible to those who applystudents admitted to GSW tend to have solid grades and test scores, although the school does take other factors into consideration.   Admissions Data (2016): Georgia Southwestern State University Acceptance Rate: 68%Test Scores 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 440 / 540SAT Math: 430 / 520SAT Writing: - / -What these SAT numbers meanACT Composite: 19  / 23ACT English: 18 / 23ACT Math: 17 / 23What these ACT numbers mean Georgia Southwestern State University Description: Georgia Southwestern State University is a four-year, public university located in Americus, Georgia. Atlanta and Tallahassee are each about two-and-a-half hours away. The universitys 3,000 students are supported by a student/faculty ratio of 18 to 1. GSW offers a wide range of undergraduate and graduate degrees between the School of Business Administration, College of Arts and Sciences, School of Education, School of Nursing, and School of Computing and Mathematics. Campus life is active with about 60 student clubs and organizations including the Artist Association, the Outdoor Adventure Club, and GSW Gaming. The university also has an active Greek life with four fraternities and two sororities. On the athletic front, students will find plenty of intramurals including Indoor Soccer, Flag Football, and Blitz Ball. For intercollegiate sports, GSW competes in the NCAA Division II Peach Belt Conference (PBC) with a variety of sports including men’s golf, women’s cross coun try, and men’s and women’s tennis. Enrollment (2016): Total Enrollment: 2,954  (2,558 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 38% Male / 62% Female69% Full-time Costs (2016 - 17): Tuition and Fees: $5,262  (in-state); $15,518 (out-of-state)Books: $1,400 (why so much?)Room and Board: $7,672Other Expenses: $6,044Total Cost: $20,378 (in-state); $30,634 (out-of-state) Georgia Southwestern State University Financial Aid (2015- 16): Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 95%Percentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 86%Loans: 58%Average Amount of AidGrants: $6,539Loans: $5,505 Academic Programs: Most Popular Majors:  Accounting, Business Administration, Elementary Education, Nursing, Psychology Transfer, Graduation and Retention Rates: First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 70%Transfer Out Rate: 33%4-Year Graduation Rate: 14%6-Year Graduation Rate: 32% Intercollegiate Athletic Programs: Mens Sports:  Basketball, Soccer, Golf, Tennis, Baseball  Womens Sports:  Soccer, Softball, Basketball, Tennis, Track and Field, Cross Country Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics If You Like Georgia Southwestern State, You May Also Like These Schools: University of Georgia:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphMercer University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphColumbus State University:  Profile  Clark Atlanta University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphEmory University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSpelman College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphGeorgia Institute of Technology:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphFlorida State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphArmstrong State University:  Profile  Valdosta State University:  Profile  Savannah State University:  Profile  Auburn University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Write a summary on any article about Infection Control Assignment

Write a summary on any article about Infection Control - Assignment Example The result is that the infection is spreading faster. The article has reviewed the health care facilities for infection control measures available under the health systems in these countries. It recommends combination of drugs and technology innovation to reduce such infections. The authors suggest that the infection can be controlled with better behavioral and organizational interventions that may be combined with quality improvement initiatives, training and surveillance, at the labor and delivery control units. This article also lays importance on the global awareness initiatives, which must be targeted to maternity care and childbirth interventions to control the development of this infection during childbirth. .(Hussein et al) As per the article, this infection develops during the first six weeks after the delivery. The disease can infect the blood stream, abdominal cavity and womb, causing pain and fever. The cause of this infection stems from the unhygienic methods of vaginal examination, instruments used during the delivery. While poor mothers in least developed countries do not reach health care facilities for child delivery, the same is arranged at home through semi-skilled and illiterate aids. The infection control efforts are hampered by sub-standard clinical practices, overcrowding of health centers, overloaded health and medical workers, and shortage of drugs. Hence, the article has suggested improvements in these, particularly for delivery and labor units.(Hussein et al) Hussein, Julia et al (2011). â€Å"A review of health system infection control measures in developing countries.†, Globalization and healt.com, Retrieved on Feb. 20, 2014, from:

DQ1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

DQ1 - Essay Example Nowadays the lyrics which are being composed by the musicians revolve around different topics. At times these lyrics also consist of abusive, explicit and racist material which can harm the emotions and feelings of many. In my view the general public should be responsible to decide as to what lyrics should be allowed in music. The feelings and sentiments of the general public are affected most by these explicit lyrics. These lyrics also have an effect on the new generation as parents who want to save their children from abusive material cannot do anything when it comes to music. It has been seen that many children are grasping unusual stuff from these lyrics. At times these lyrics have also been known to be abusive towards certain religious groups and races. Hence it can be said that the entire decision power about the lyrics should be given to the general public. By general public here it is meant that all the individuals living in this world who are being represented by their chose n leader. If these lyrics are not kept a check on by the regulatory powers then in the future it is expected that many riots may occur only because of these lyrics. Music is an art which should be appreciated and not hated by people only because of the lyrics in the song. Musicians make music to entertain people and not to be hated. Thus the music should be of a sort which is liked by many and not despised or hated. The general public can make sure that the sentiments and feelings of people are not being affected by the lyrics and change them accordingly. Such an action would help the musicians to know more about the feelings and sentiments of the general public. In my opinion it is necessary for some power to keep a check on the music which is being created nowadays. Music is now simply being used as a tool for money because of which many musicians do not think about the feelings and sentiments of others when composing it. A check on

Republic Day (India) Essay Example for Free

Republic Day (India) Essay Parades, distribution of sweets in schools and cultural dances In India, Republic Day honors the date on which the Constitution of India came into force replacing the Government of India Act 1935 as the governing document of India on 26 January 1950.[1] The date of 26 January was chosen to honour the declaration of independence of 1930. It is one of the three national holidays in India. While the main parade takes place in the national capital, New Delhi, at the Rajpath before the President of India (currently Pranab Mukherjee, the anniversary is also celebrated with varying degrees of formality in state capitals and other centres. India achieved independence from British rule on 15 August 1947 following the Indian independence movement noted for largely peaceful nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience led[citation needed] by the Indian National Congress. The independence came through the Indian Independence Act 1947 (10 11 Geo 6 c. 30), an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that partitioned British India into the two new independent Dominions of the British Commonwealth (later Commonwealth of Nations): India and Pakistan. [2] India obtained its independence on 15 August 1947 as a constitutional monarchy with George VI as head of state and the Earl Mountbatten as governor-general. The country, though, did not yet have a permanent constitution; instead its laws were based on the modified colonial Government of India Act 1935. On 28 August 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed to draft a permanent constitution, with Dr.B. R. Ambedkar as chairman. While Indias Independence Day celebrates its freedom from British Rule, the Republic Day celebrates the coming into force of its constitution. A draft constitution was prepared by the committee and submitted to the Assembly on 4 November 1947. The Assembly met, in sessions open to public, for 166 days, spread over a period  of 2 years, 11 months and 18 days before adopting the Constitution. After many deliberations and some modifications, the 308 members of the Assembly signed two hand-written copies of the document (one each in Hindi and English) on 24 January 1950. Two days later, it came into effect throughout the nation. Celebrations See also: Delhi Republic Day parade The main celebration is held in the capital New Delhi. Celebrations are also held in state capitals, where the Governor of the state unfurls the national flag. If the Governor of the state is unwell, or is unavailable for some reason, the Chief Minister of the state assumes the honour of unfurling the National Flag of India. On this day 26 January Indian flag is hoist by the Presidents of India and after that national anthem is sung by the all groups in the standing postion. India Will Celebrate Its Republic Day With Pride And A Faint Hope For The Mighty Lokpal Dr. Bikkar Singh Lalli On January 26, The Republic of India, world’s largest liberal democracy, rich in ethnic diversity, with over 1.3 billion people speaking hundreds of languages, will be celebrating its secular birth. Perhaps there is no better day than Jan. 26 to reflect on the opening words of the Indian Constitution, the document that enshrines the foundation of the world’s largest democracy begins with ‘We the People of India†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hopefully, on that day of joyous celebrations, caste, creed or religion for people of India, will not matter at all. It was January 26 of 1950 when the constitution of India came into force and India attained a sovereign status. The Preamble of the constitution seeks to establish what Mahatma Gandhi described as â€Å"The India of my dream: – —.woman will enjoy the same rights as man†. India will celebrate its 63rd Republic Day on Jan.26. Its supercharged economy has been the envy of the world. The dreams of Mahatma pay fi tting tribute to the people of a nation who, from all corners of the planet, are fuelling the spectacular growth of their homeland. During 2010-2011 alone India received $58 billion from Indian Diaspora. â€Å"The people of India, whether they live in India or elsewhere, are the engine of India.† For 2012 however, the economic forecast appears to be a bit gloomy mostly due to the turmoil in the global economy, especially in the Euro-zone Problems in the global economy and the  government’s inability to control corruption at home, will affect the government’s revenue-raising capacity in 2012. In fact, the Central excise collection fell by 6.5 per cent in November. That shortfall will affect the investment on infrastructure: like proper roads, power supply and railways that gives better opportunities to the poor to earn more. Thousands of villages remain with little or no power supply. Significantly, core sector industries (power, steel, coal, petroleum refining, electricity, cement, natural gas and oil) grew extremely slowly at 0.1 per cent in October 2011. The slowdown in the EU is also affecting Indian exports which grew only by 4.2 per cent in November 2011. Inflation, which is close to double digit again, will hit the poor hard unless food prices are brought down drastically. This economic melt-down will affect the poor most. Over 800 million Indians are living below the poverty line, and this year about 22 million more will be added to that number with the 2.8 per cent growth in population. For people in dire straight, republic day or for that matter any historical event has no real significance. Anna Hazare’s campaign against corruption is laudable. But, is it possible to cleanse the polluted polity and change the greedy mindset with the passage of a Lokpal Bill? You cannot legislate social change. The democracy, the super-watchdog which should deliver all-round accountability, has become extremely weak and wasteful in India. Election to five States has been announced. To curb irregularities, to fight corruption, the commission has announced steps to reduce the role of black money in elections The politicians accepting funds, for fighting an election, know that a quid pro quo (pay-back) is involved. There are also wealthy fighting elections using their own unaccounted funds. They pay off the party leadership to get nominations. For the elimination of corruption and other maladies afflicting Indian polity, what matters most is the moral and social climate of a country. If this climate is healthy, dry and dirty bushes would not come about. â€Å"The soil would support greener pastures which would throw up upright and earnest people who in turn would choose upright and earnest leaders. One would reinforce the virtues of the other. And the nation would move from clean to cleaner public life, from strength and stability to greater strength and stability.† Every party in power has played havoc with watchdog institutions so as to control them for its narrow ends. Democracy ought to have ensured accountability of institutions. Votes  should have weeded out corrupt but the opposite has been happening – the honest rarely win elections. There is a need for political movements that can change the national consciousness; a task being addressed by movement against corruption and for a Lokepal Unfortunately, no one in our national leadership is applying his or her mind to bring about this change. As log as an elected official is not answerable to the electorate in his/her constituency, corruption cannot be eradicated. In his address to the nation the Dr. Manmohan Singh, a man of impeccable integrity and vision, will give a very hopeful message to the nation, regarding the health of the nation’s economy. He has already announced his decision to allow qualified foreign investors (QFIs) to directly invest in the Indian equity marke t. In his address at the 99th Annual Session of the Indian Science Congress in Bhubaneswar (Orissa) on Jan.3, he said that: â€Å"As we head into the Twelfth Plan, there are some objectives we must try to achieve in the Science and Technology sector. First, we must ensure a major increase in investment in RD, including by industry and strategic sectors. Second, we must ensure the creation of a new innovation ecosystem. Third, we must achieve greater alignment of the Science and Technology sector with the inclusive development needs of our nation. Fourth, we must expand basic science infrastructure. Fifth, we must encourage greater research collaboration among universities and national laboratories.† In order to compete with China, India has to do much more that what PM is aiming at. India has been seriously lagging behind in education. By 2012, it aims to educate as many as seven crore learners out of which six crore will be women. With more than 400 universities and over 20,000 colleges, the student enrolment in India has crossed 12.9 million in 2007 – 2008. Millions of children go to school every day. But for 10 million street children there, 50,000 in the streets of Delhi alone, there is no schooling and no home. They are either rag pickers or engaged in other hazardous jobs, and for them the word ‘secular democracy’ is â€Å"hopelessly meaningless† and redundant. It is estimated that there are 80-100 million children out of schools and are trapped in endless cycle of exploitation. Moreover, India has the dubious distinction of having the largest number of child workers in the world. They need protection, loving homes and good education. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, on Jan.10, described child malnutrition as â€Å"national shame† and said health, education  and sanitation sectors must collaborate to shape national response to the problem. â€Å"These sectors can no longer work in isolation. Health professionals cannot solely concentrate on curative care. Drinking water providers cannot be oblivious to the externality of their actions. School teachers need to be aware of the nutritional needs of adolescent girls,† he said after releasing a new research by Hyderabad-based Naandi Foundation on the status child malnutrition in India. According to that research 59 per cent kids are stunted and 42 percent are underweight. Solving malnutrition is in India’s self-interest with a huge economic return on investment. It is estimated that malnutrition costs the economy $29 billion per year in India. – as of reduced productivity and earning and increased health costs. Today, more than one third of the world’s undernourished children reside in India. A country where 79 per cent of the milk samples tested (Jan. 10, 2012, Delhi fared worst), were found to be either contaminated or diluted, cannot expect their toddlers to be in excellent health. Even with the most modern technology and access to medical facilities in most parts of the country, over four lakh newborn babies still die within 24 hours of their life in India, and 2 million children die before they turn the age of five. Most of these children die because of diarrhea, pneumonia, measles and post-natal; complications. According to India’s third National Family Health Survey of 2005-06, 70 per cent of children between six months and 59 months are anemic. Every day 1379 unborn babies are being killed. This is happening in a land where 33 crore gods and goddesses are being worshipped. As a fast emerging world power under the stewardship of a pragmatic academic and realistic visionary, India has started playing a very constructive role on the world stage. However, it has to tackle some very serious problems like extreme poverty, child labour, chronic corruption, infanticide, dowry murders, unacceptable inequality and fast growing population. These problems cannot be tackled without a collective resolve by Indian leadership. Let us congratulate the people of India on that momentous day. Let us all recall the quote from Tagore: â€Å"Where the mind is without fear and the head held high. Where knowledge is free and the world has not been broken up into fragments by narrow domestic walls†¦. let my country awake†.

The Suez Crisis Of 1956 Essay -- Arab-Israeli Conflict History Arabs I

The Suez Crisis of 1956 Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Among the most important foundations in the continuing Arab-Israeli conflict was the seeds that were sown in the aftermath of the 1956 Sinai Campaign, or the Suez Crisis. Whatever the operation is referred to as, its consequences involving both relations internal to the Middle East and with the world are impossible to ignore. Looked at simply as an objective event in history, one could note several key outcomes of the war. It marked the beginning of the end of British and French colonial leadership in the region, and the start of an increasingly high American and Soviet involvement. The war also proved to the Arab nations of the area that the Israeli military machine was not one to be taken lightly, a lesson which would be forgotten and retaught in the 1967 "Six Day War". The positive impact that the United Nations would have on ending the conflict, through Canada's idea of creating a UN peacekeeping force to help enforce the ceasefire, was another important outcome.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This paper, however, will not have the goal of examining these specific events in relation to the war, nor will it try to determine which factors were most significant. My aim will be to gain a more complete understanding of the effect of the crisis by reviewing key events of the war from two different perspectives: the Israeli and the Arab points of view, plus the experiences of the European powers as well. Through a brief comparison of both the coverage of the War by the differing authors and the varying interpretations seen throughout my study, I will be best able to make an informed evaluation on how the event was, and is today, seen in the political and historical forum. Comparison of Coverage   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The war, which was begun on October 29, 1956 when the Israelis moved their units into the Sinai peninsula, has had its origins traced back to many historical events. Which is the most important of these is a point of contention for the authors I have studied. There does seem to be for all parties involved a consensus that the ascent to power of Gamal Abdel Nasser to President of Eqypt in 1956 , and his move to nationalize the Suez Canal as the main precipitating factor in setting off the conflict.  Why Nasser did this, however, is where my various sources diverge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Quite predictably, sources used from... ...tter idea of how the Egyptian army forces viewed and dealt with the crisis. To help in a general rounding of the Israeli view of the crisis, I used Yitzak Shamir's autobiography (Shamir, Yitzhak; "Summing Up"; London; Weidenfeld and Nicolson Press; 1994.), a man who was to play an integral role in the Arab-Israeli conflict as the Prime Minister of Israel in the 1980s. My search for an Israeli military perspective was quite arduous, but finally settled on the work of Chaim Herzog in "The Arab-Israeli Wars" (1982). As Herzog was a major-general in the crisis of 1956, he not only provided me with detailed information of the invasion itself, but of the various meanings and causes behind it. In trying to find Jewish academic sources, I eventually settled on the works of Itamar Rabinovich's "Seven Wars and One Peace Treaty" (1991), and M.E. Yapp's "The Near East Since the First World War" (1991). While Rabinovich was based in Tel Aviv and had stronger pro-Israeli views, Yapp, who was a professor in London, England, who's ideas were a little more moderate and yet, at least in this author's perspective, seemed to lean quite distinctly towards the Jewish State's cause.

The Great Gatsby “Fitzgerald Tying Is Life to the Book”

Fitzgerald writes The Great Gatsby as a mirror of his own life describing his life through such characters as Nick Carraway, the narrator and the Jay Gatsby the, protagonist which are representations of Fitzgerald’s life. Fitzgerald uses his own events to play key parts in this novel. Throughout The Great Gatsby characters and events are a written reflection of Fitzgerald life making The Great Gatsby an autobiography. Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald was born on September 24, 1896 in St. Paul Minnesota (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald).Francis’ parents enrolled him at the Newman School in 1911 when he was 15 years old, Newman School was a prestigious Catholic prep school located in New Jersey (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After graduating from Newman in 1913 Fitzgerald went to Princeton University. At Princeton he devoted himself to working hard on becoming a writer. With all of his focus on writing, he began to struggle in other classes. Around 1917 Fitzgerald was on academic prob ation and it was very unlikely for him that he would graduate so he thought it was best for him to join the Army.Fitzgerald became a second lieutenant in the infantry (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald was so convinced that he would die in the war and scared that he had not accomplished his literary dreams in time, that he quickly wrote a novel called The Romantic Egotist. The novel was very well liked by the publishing company known as Charles Scribner’s Sons, but they asked him to revise it before sending it back to them(A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Around June 1918 Fitzgerald was stationed at Camp Sheridan, near Montgomery Alabama (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald).While he was stationed in Camp Sheridan, he met a girl named Zelda Sayre (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Zelda was 18 years old and Fitzgerald eventually fell in love with her. And he would continue to pursue after her. Fitzgerald was never actually deployed into the war, because World War I ended in 1919. After bein g discharged from the army, Fitzgerald decided to move to New York City where he hoped to start a career in advertising hoping that Zelda would marry him for having a job (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Although Fitzgerald wanted Zelda, he quit his job and decided to return to St.Paul to rewrite his novel. Fitzgerald really hit a breakthrough when his novel, This Side of Paradise was published in 1920 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). After finally having success from his novel, Zelda finally agreed to marry Fitzgerald only after a week of the book being published. Zelda and Fitzgerald married in New York. The couple had one child, a daughter named Francis Scott Fitzgerald, who was born in 1921 (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald quickly became famous and wealthy from his writings as he began to write more novels and short stories as the year passed.Fitzgerald became a so called, â€Å"playboy† (F. Scott Fitzgerald Bio). Fitzgerald wrote The Great Gatsby and it was published in 1924. T he novel was closely based off most of Fitzgerald’s own life. Using his own experiences Fitzgerald was able to write his greatest novel ever. Fitzgerald shows himself throughout the book through mostly two characters; Nick Carraway and Jay Gatsby. Both characters had some aspect to Fitzgerald’s life. For instance Jay Gatsby and Fitzgerald both had a lover whom they wanted to marry so badly. Nick is the vision of what Gatsby saw of the â€Å"roaring twenties†.Jay Gatsby represented Fitzgerald’s personality as a lavish partier when Fitzgerald first became wealthy. Gatsby threw great parties that everyone wanted to go to. Fitzgerald became rich just like everyone wants to be. It was not just the partying that is seen as Fitzgerald, but Fitzgerald seems to describe his own young life through Gatsby as if he was writing an autobiography. Fitzgerald went to Princeton only for a while just as Gatsby went to St. Olaf’s College only to leave the school just as Fitzgerald left Princeton.Gatsby was blinded by Daisy’s beauty just as Fitzgerald was to Zelda. Both were determined to have their women. It seemed though Fitzgerald could not accept rejection or a loss, an example in Fitzgerald’s life was that Zelda broke their engagement, because Fitzgerald was not making enough money (A Brief Life of Fitzgerald). Fitzgerald drove himself to win Zelda. Fitzgerald put his emotions into Gatsby by trying to say he would do whatever it would take to have Zelda. Gatsby got all his money from illegal activities, because he was willing to do whatever it took to have Daisy.Like Gatsby, Fitzgerald was blinded by the beauty of one women that having Zelda, as Gatsby having Daisy, was all he wanted. Gatsby represented the partying celebrity. Nick Carraway represents the other side of Fitzgeral,d as he represents the quietness the better minded version of Fitzgerald. Fitzgerald and Nick Carraway were able to see that all this materialism and partying in the â€Å"Roaring Twenties† were morally decaying, yet they were both fascinated by the lifestyle. Nick represented Fitzgerald’s true feelings of the era where life was fun and flashy, but morally wrong to him.Nick Carraway at the end of the novel decided to move back to the Midwest to escape the craziness and hyped life happening on the east coast even though he was curious about it. (Fitzgerald 176). Fitzgerald puts his true feelings into Nick. Even though the fast rich life seemed fun and exciting it was morally decaying and he misses living normally. Fitzgerald showed many signs of an autobiography, in The Great Gatsby. Fitzgerald showed himself as idealized version of himself in Gatsby, doing whatever he could to have Daisy and never once thinking his plans would not work.Nick Carraway was Fitzgerald’s old self stuck in a place full of drama and morally decaying events that everyone in the party life thought as ok, because they thought they were better than everyone else. Fitzgerald’s novel The Great Gatsby, shows readers that his life was put into two characters; Jay Gatsby and Nick Carraway, to show the views of that era. . Works Cited â€Å"A Brief Life of Fitzgerald†. University of South Carolina. Web. 24 April 2012. â€Å"F. Scott Fitzgerald biography†. A+E Televison Network. Web. 24 April 2012 Fitzgerald, Francis S. The Great Gatsby. New York, NY: Scribner, 2004. Print.

How does Thomas Hardy delelop suspense Essay

Suspense is the creation of excitement at the approach of the climax, whether of the whole novel, or just a particular chapter or scene. Tension is the feeling of uneasiness or stress caused by suspense, not knowing what will transpire next. It is clear that the two are very closely interrelated, and when they are employed in a text they have significant effects on the reader. Suspense and tension keep the reader guessing about what will ensue, therefore drawing the reader into the story and, crucially, maintaining their interest so that they want to read on. Thomas Hardy uses not only his own writing techniques and description to create suspense and tension in his novels, but also the behaviour and development of his characters. At the beginning, we are presented with the four characters of Rhoda Brook, her son, Farmer Lodge and Gertrude. We are unsure how their relationships will develop. This uncertainty creates tension, and right from the start, the reader’s interest is evoked. When Hardy wrote The Withered Arm in the late 1800’s, a belief in magic was common among all people of the time. This is embodied in the story by the characters Rhoda Brook and Conjuror Trendle, who are described as being a witch and a white wizard respectively. The inclusion of a magical and supernatural theme in the story is a good way of interesting the reader and creating tension, because as witchcraft and magic are subjects most people in a modern audience know little about, they add to the reader’s unawareness and curiosity about events in the story. Suspense and tension are created in chapter two, when Gertrude arrives with farmer Lodge. We learn that Rhoda has an illegitimate son with farmer Lodge, and therefore understand her jealous interest in his new bride. She tells her son to â€Å"give her a look, and tell me what she’s like†¦ If she’s dark or fair, and if she’s tall – as tall as I†. When her son returns from his reconnaissance Rhoda interrogates him – it is clear she is desperate for every detail. The boy couldn’t see how tall she was, because she was sitting down, and Rhoda tells him to watch her at the church the next day; â€Å"Go early and notice her walking in, and come home and tell me if she’s taller than I†. When he comes back with the information – ‘†She is not tall. She is rather short. † – It is clear that Rhoda is delighted: â€Å"Ah! † said his mother with satisfaction’. This scene creates tension and suspense because the reader is wondering how Rhoda Brook’s obsession with Gertrude will manifest itself later on in the story? The reader is left guessing until the onset of Chapter three, where the consequence of Rhoda’s constant psychological fixation on Gertrude is revealed. It is mentioned at the end of chapter two that â€Å"from her boy’s description and the casual words of the other milkers, Rhoda Brook could raise a mental image of the unconscious Mrs Lodge that was realistic as a photograph. † In chapter three Rhoda has a vision while she sleeps. Gertrude appears as a spirit, looking old and wrinkled, seats herself heavily on Rhoda’s chest and thrusts her wedding ring into Rhoda’s face. Rhoda struggled and then â€Å"In a last desperate effort, swung out her right hand, seized the confronting spectre by its obtrusive left arm, and whirled it backward to the floor. † The dream is extremely real and frightening for Rhoda, and it changes the story completely for the reader. Whereas before it was a story about rural life, now it’s an altogether darker tale that incorporates magic and superstition. The change of atmosphere adds tension, as do Rhoda’s violent actions. The reader is in suspense, as there are a lot of unanswered questions; what will happen now? Where will the story go from this crucial event? What will happen to Gertrude? The latter question is answered later in the chapter, when Gertrude turns up at Rhoda’s door unexpectedly, with a gift for her son. Gertrude reveals that a strange ailment has afflicted her arm and when she reveals it and is questioned about it, it becomes clear to Rhoda that it was made at the same time as she had her vision and Rhoda’s handprint can be seen upon it. When Gertrude becomes a regular visitor to the cottage, the reader’s intrigue is increased again, as once again they do not know what will happen next – the suspense remains as there are important questions; will Gertrude cure her arm? When, in the last paragraph of chapter three, Rhoda mentions that she has been â€Å"slyly called a witch† since she had farmer Lodges child, suspense is increased because both the reader and Rhoda are unsure whether she is a witch or not. Another example of the creation of suspense and tension can be found in chapter four when Gertrude and Rhoda visit conjuror Trendle. Gertrude hopes that the White Wizard will cure her withering arm, whilst Rhoda fears that she will be revealed as the witch who performed the curse. When they arrive at the house, Conjuror Trendle sends Rhoda out of the room; this has the effect of unnerving Rhoda and simultaneously adding to the reader’s intrigue. He then reveals a face to Gertrude in the egg white, but neither the reader nor Rhoda are told who Gertrude sees – â€Å"[Gertrude] murmured a reply in tones so low as to be inaudible to Rhoda†. On the way home the conversation is stilted, and it becomes clear from her responses and manner that she has discovered Rhoda’s secret; â€Å"Was it you who first proposed coming here? † â€Å"How very odd, if you did! † Hardy creates suspense and tension in this scene by allowing the reader to form their own opinion as to what Gertrude saw. This scene is very tense, because Rhoda is left, literally, in suspense as she waits to find out if she has been revealed. The suspense is drawn out right up until the journey home, as Gertrude says nothing when she comes out of Trendle’s house – â€Å"What did you see? † â€Å"Nothing I – care to speak of. † In the last sentence of chapter four it is bluntly told that Rhoda left the village. â€Å"†¦ her face grew sadder and thinner; and in the spring she and her boy disappeared from the neighbourhood of Holmstoke†. This one-line dismissal of a major character completely changes the story. By this point in the story, the reader’s suspense is beginning to wane as they would have formed possible outcomes and plot developments to do with Rhoda and her son, and about her becoming a witch, but by having them leave unexpectedly, the reader is forced to create fresh predictions, thus renewing the suspense and tension. The shortness of the exit, and the lack of Hardy’s trademark description, adds to the reader’s shock, because they were not built up to or prepared for Rhoda’s leaving; it is a surprise. As the condition of Gertrude’s afflicted arm deteriorates, so too does her marriage. For Farmer Lodge, the withered arm is an anaphrodisiac and he becomes â€Å"gloomy and silent†. Gertrude grows increasingly lonely and forlorn, and this impels her to seek out remedies of all types in the hope of regaining some of her beauty, and winning back her husbands love – â€Å"If I could only again be as I was when he first saw me! † Complying with her husbands wishes, she destroys her medicines, but her yearning for a cure does not diminish. She wishes to try another type of cure entirely, and so she travels to Conjuror Trendle once again. As Gertrude’s initial natural wish to cure her arm becomes darker and obsessive, suspense and tension are created once again. Similarly to the curse itself, this appearance of a darker theme in the story creates tension. The reader can also tell that the obsession is heading to a climax, but as the outcome is not known, the reader is left in suspense. The obsession progresses after chapter 7, when Gertrude meets with Conjuror Trendle and he informs her of a possible cure: to rub her afflicted arm on the neck of freshly-hanged person. It is here that the story grows even darker, once again prompting questions from the reader: Will she go through with the cure? Gertrude is hesitant about it, and the task seems so revolting that it is not clear whether her need for a cure is strong enough to overcome her fears – â€Å"Of all the remedies that the white wizard could have suggested there was not one which would have filled her with as much aversion as this†. This doubt creates tension, because the reader is again left in suspense, and the closer to the climax we get, the tenser it becomes, especially as Gertrude’s desire to complete her task increases. She â€Å"longed for the death of a fellow creature† and at night â€Å"her unconscious prayer was ‘O Lord, hang some guilty or innocent person soon! ‘†. This huge change of character, from sweet and gentle, to sinister and morbid, praying for death, shows just how obsessed with curing her arm Gertrude is, and this gradual development of her character also helps to create suspense because the reader wants to see if her character finds a hanging soon, or she goes mad, or changes her behaviour again. This uncertainty creates more suspense and tension because the reader is not sure what will happen, we can not easily predict the outcome. Eventually, Gertrude hears of the hanging of a young boy taking place in a nearby village and, with her husband away on business, she sets off on a cart horse. When she reaches the village she proceeds to locate the Hangman, and explains to him about her arm. He agrees to help her to sneak in after the hanging. When she is waiting below the gallows, Hardy excellently describes the feelings of Gertrude and this increases the tension. He shows just how terrified she is – â€Å"she could scarcely discern anything; it was as though she had nearly died†, and this emotion and fear acts as a build-up to the climax; we are held in suspense until the end, just after Gertrude’s arm is finally cured, she hears Rhoda’s Brook shriek from behind her – Rhoda is standing there with Farmer Lodge at her side. The deceased boy is their son. The double shock of the restoration of her arm and the revelation of Farmer Lodge and Rhoda is too much for Gertrude, and she collapses, and dies before she gets home. The long and intricate description that Hardy uses throughout the book is key to the creation of suspense and tension within the story. He often describes the setting in great detail which, as well as increasing the reader’s interest and giving them a clear mental image, creates an atmosphere and gives the scene a palpable sense of tension. To take an example from chapter five; â€Å"thick clouds made the atmosphere dark, though it was as yet only early afternoon, and the wind howled dismally over the slopes of the heath†. The dense description sets the scene perfectly and by taking the reader into the setting he ensures that events within the story have more effect on them. Because the description of the characters feelings is so good we relate to them better, and consequently we feel the tension and suspense more. I have shown that Hardy develops the suspense and tension in a variety of ways in The Withered Arm. He is able to maintain the reader’s interest through the developing plot, the themes and language techniques employed in the story – the magic and superstition underpinning the story, compelling the reader to read on, the extensive description that creates tension and a sense of place, as well as the emotions of the characters as they develop; all these things stimulate the reader’s interest. The whole story builds to a climax; at the start Rhoda finds out about Farmer Lodge’s marriage to Gertrude, then as the characters develop, many things change, and by the end Gertrude is alone and Rhoda and Farmer Lodge are there together, at the climax. The suspense is held right until the end. I believe that the section where Rhoda leaves creates the most tension and increases the suspense. In this example, ironically, it is the lack of Hardy’s description that affects the reader – it is uncharacteristic and therefore amplifies the sense of change. It changes the story dramatically, because the reader believes Rhoda to be the main character; the one that we are relating to, and suddenly she is gone, leaving us with little relationship in the story again. We then follow Gertrude until the climax whereupon we are reintroduced to Rhoda. Hardy’s way of making us see the plot from both sides is a great way to increase tension, especially when Rhoda disappeared and we did not know what she was doing or feeling.